1. In general
The following general terms and conditions of sale ("GTC") apply to all sales, deliveries and offers of VWR International GmbH ("VWR"), unless otherwise agreed in writing. By placing an order, the buyer accepts the following terms. These General Terms and Conditions apply only if the buyer's order contains its own terms of purchase or other restrictions or additions, even if VWR does not expressly object to them.
2. Prices
The prices are sales prices without value added tax and any consumption taxes. Prices are not binding. The calculation is made in euros at the prices valid on the date of conclusion of the contract plus the statutory value added tax, any consumption taxes and other costs in accordance with these General Terms and Conditions.
3. Submit an order
Quotations and orders only become legally binding when they have been unconditionally confirmed in writing by VWR or when VWR has sent the goods to the buyer together with the invoice. Special requirements or specifications must be repeated with each order. Offers are not binding.
4. Minimum order value
The minimum order value is currently €150 (plus VAT). For orders below this price, VWR will charge a processing fee of EUR 15 (plus statutory VAT).
5. Delivery
Shipping is always the buyer's responsibility. Risk passes to the buyer once the goods leave VWR's place of delivery. Shipping costs, including special costs, are borne by the buyer.
6. Delivery time
Delivery times stated by VWR in offers and orders are always non-binding. In case of force majeure or circumstances for which the buyer is responsible, the delivery period will be extended accordingly or VWR may withdraw from the contract.
7. Packaging
The delivery always includes the manufacturer's packaging. VWR selects other packaging as required. Additional costs resulting from the specificity of the product or additional packaging will be invoiced separately. The use of the buyer's packaging can only be done by prior agreement. The return of the packaging in accordance with the statutory provisions is only possible after prior agreement with VWR.
8. Privacy and Confidentiality
VWR has the right to collect, store, change and transfer or use any personal information about the buyer that is necessary for its own business purposes - in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Data Protection Act.
The parties are obliged to keep the confidential information confidential even after the termination of the contractual relationship. At the request of either party, they will enter into a separate confidentiality agreement.
9. Complaints and warranty
Immediately after receiving the goods, the buyer must check that the quality and quantity correspond to the contractual arrangements. Defects that can be detected upon proper inspection of the goods and delivery of goods or quantities other than those ordered must be reported within fourteen (14) days of receipt of the goods. Hidden defects must be notified to VWR as soon as they are discovered within the twelve (12) month warranty period from the transfer of risk.
If the buyer does not submit a timely complaint, the goods - qualitatively and quantitatively - are considered to have been accepted by the buyer. Goods under complaint may only be returned with the express consent of VWR. If the buyer makes a claim for defects or delivery of goods other than those ordered on time, the goods will be replaced or collected for a refund of the purchase price, at VWR's discretion. If, in the case of replacement goods, the replacement delivery is also defective, VWR gives the buyer the right to withdraw from the contract or reduce the price. In the event that deficiencies are reported in time, VWR has the option of late delivery or an appropriate credit note. Article 10 applies to all claims for compensation.
For warranty services and/or goodwill services, VWR is guided by the relevant manufacturer's terms and conditions.
10. Liability
VWR is liable in case of fraud and gross negligence in accordance with the statutory provisions.
In case of simple negligence, VWR is liable for a breach of a fundamental or material obligation, the breach of which jeopardizes the achievement of the purpose of the contract, for the repair of damage that was foreseeable and typical. Any further liability, in particular for lost profits and consequential damages, is excluded.
Legal liability for personal injury and under the Product Liability Act remains unaffected.
11. Payment Terms
Payment obligations for the delivery of the goods must be fulfilled within fifteen (15) days from the date of the invoice without discount. The payment obligation is fulfilled only after receipt of the invoice amount by VWR.
In the event of late payment, VWR is entitled to charge interest at the normal bank rate, but at least eight (8) percentage points above the relevant prime rate. VWR has the right to request an advance payment.
Suspension of payments or set-off of counterclaims by the buyer is not permitted, unless the counterclaims are undisputed or legally substantiated.
12. Return of device
If the purchaser is a commercial end customer, VWR will take back equipment sold to it after August 13, 2005 at the end of its legal useful life and dispose of it properly. However, the end customer must bear the return delivery and disposal costs or return them to VWR. End customer must notify VWR in writing of termination of use.
The right of the end customer to assume the cost does not expire before two (2) years have passed from the end of the use. This two-year period begins at the earliest when VWR receives written notice from the end customer of the end of use.
In case the buyer is a reseller, he should impose on his customer - if it is also a trading company - the obligation that the buyer's customer properly dispose of the device at the end of its useful life at his own expense. If the buyer does not do this, they must collect the devices provided by VWR at their own expense at the end of use and dispose of them properly. VWR recommends that retailers ensure that the statute of limitations on chargeable rejection claims against customers does not start until the end of their life.
13. Buyer Decontamination Declaration
Equipment or other materials supplied to VWR must be decontaminated by the purchaser or end user. Disinfection is confirmed by a disinfection certificate. which is attached to the goods.
The purchaser or end user is fully responsible for any damages resulting from the lack of cleaning and/or disinfection.
Each device owner is required to provide this information when selling or leasing the device.
Clause 19 only applies to the return of reusable packaging.
14. Retention of Title
All goods delivered by VWR remain the property of VWR until the buyer has fulfilled all obligations arising from mutual business relationships.
If the buyer processes the goods delivered by VWR, VWR acquires co-ownership of the newly created goods. Any claims arising from the sale of goods in which VWR has ownership rights have already been assigned by the buyer to VWR as security for VWR's title to the goods sold. The Buyer must immediately notify VWR of any infringement of its rights in the goods of which it is co-owner, in particular of seizure and other attachment. If the buyer does not fully fulfill its obligations to VWR, it must return the goods at VWR's request, without withdrawal from the contract by VWR.
15. Non-binding advice
VWR advises its purchasers regarding application technology to the best of its knowledge within the stated capabilities, but without obligation. This applies in particular to respect for the property rights of third parties. VWR's recommendations do not relieve purchasers of the obligation to check the products at their own risk for their suitability for the intended purposes.
16. Product Use
Products supplied by VWR must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's documentation and specifications. Proper use is the sole responsibility of the purchaser. However, VWR cannot sell certain products (eg active ingredients) because VWR as a distributor cannot meet the legal requirements (eg specifications of the EU GMP guidelines for human and animal medicines).
Therefore, the products supplied by VWR cannot be used as active ingredients in medicine or veterinary medicine. Before any intended use as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food additives, agricultural additives, pesticides or household use, contact your local VWR sales organization.
Buyers who intend to use the products for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food or other purposes must conduct their own risk assessment and ensure compliance with local legal requirements and regulations (eg European Pharmacopoeia).
In no event shall VWR be liable if the purchaser uses the product for purposes other than those intended.
In addition, the buyer is solely responsible for compliance with relevant health, safety and other legal regulations and for arranging the necessary measures in relation to the storage, transport, sale and use of the products and during their storage.
17. Governing Law
The contract is governed by the law of the Federal Republic of Germany. The provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods do not apply.
18. Place of execution
The place of fulfillment of VWR's obligations is the head office of the relevant branch or the branch of the relevant branch from which the delivery is made. The place of fulfillment of the buyer's obligations, in particular payment, is Ismaning.
19. Deposit system
Reusable packaging or containers ("reusable packaging") remain the property of the respective manufacturer and are available to the buyer only on loan.
VWR reserves the right to charge an advance for reusable packaging. The amount depends on the specifications of the specific sub-supplier. The deposit amount will be fully refunded if the reusable packaging is returned intact, completely emptied and freight prepaid.
If the reusable packaging is not returned or is damaged and/or misused by the buyer, the buyer loses the right to a refund of the deposit. If VWR incurs cleanup or disposal costs due to reusable packaging that has not been completely emptied or used for other purposes, the purchaser must reimburse VWR for the costs.
20. Jurisdiction
Darmstadt is the exclusive place of jurisdiction for all disputes arising from the contractual relationship, if the buyer is a trader, a legal entity under public law or a special fund under public law.
21. Invalidity of individual provisions
In the event that individual provisions prove ineffective, this does not affect the validity of the remaining provisions.
VWR International GmbH, Darmstadt
Commercial register Darmstadt, HRB 7359
Status: February 2016
FAQs
How are polyclonal antibodies produced in rabbits? ›
What is polyclonal antibody production? Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are produced by injecting a specific antigen into lab animals, such as rabbits and goats, etc. The animal is immunized repeatedly to obtain higher titers of antibodies specific for the antigen.
What do you mean by polyclonal antibody? ›Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) are a mixture of antibodies that are secreted by different B cell lineages. These antibodies are actually a collection of immunoglobulin molecules that react against a specific antigen, each identifying a different epitope on an antigen.
What is rabbit polyclonal antibody? ›Recombinant rabbit polyclonal antibody production
Recombinant rabbit polyclonal antibodies are similar in consistency to other polyclonal antibodies while offering an animal-origin free option. Rabbits are immunized and, instead of using hybridomas, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are isolated and screened.
As the antibodies secreted are produced by several plasma cells they are described as polyclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies on the other hand are engineered to be produced by the same B cells which are clones from a single parent cell.
Is polyclonal good or bad? ›Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
What are the problems with polyclonal antibodies? ›Disadvantages of using Polyclonal antibodies:
Non specific interaction with the antigen- considerable heterogeneity within the antibody pool. Life span of the host animal is limited. Multiple animals had to be immunized against the same antigen. Antibody response depends on the host animal.
Hypergammaglobulinemia (polyclonal gammopathy)' refers to the overproduction of more than one class of immunoglobulins by plasma cells. It is most commonly associated with liver disease, acute or chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and some malignancies.
What does anti-rabbit antibody mean? ›Anti-rabbit secondary antibodies are generated by immunizing a host animal with a pooled population of immunoglobulins (Ig) from the target species. In this case, the Ig would come from rabbits and be introduced into one of the available host species: goat, donkey, mouse, chicken, or sheep.
What is the meaning of rabbit monoclonal antibody? ›Monoclonal antibodies represent identical immunoglobulins that are generated from a single parent immune B cell. Rabbit monoclonal antibodies refer to antibodies that have been developed in rabbits rather than mice, which are most commonly used to generate antibodies.
What is the most common source of polyclonal antibodies? ›Rabbits are the most commonly used laboratory animal species for polyclonal antibody production. Because of the inherent value of these experiments and the animals in which they are conducted, combined with the stress associated with these immunization protocols, specific-pathogen free rabbits must be used.
What is better polyclonal or monoclonal? ›
Compared to polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies are a better option for therapeutic purposes as they have a high specificity to a single epitope, a lower probability of cross-reactivity and are homogenous.
What does polyclonal mean in medical terms? ›Medical Definition
polyclonal. adjective. poly·clo·nal ˈpäl-i-ˌklōn-ᵊl. : produced by or being cells derived from two or more cells of different ancestry or genetic constitution.
Compared to other animal models (e.g., mouse and rat), rabbits provide a better system for monoclonal antibody production because the rabbit immune system responds to a broader range of antigens. Also, physically, rabbits are larger animals with larger spleens that can produce more antibodies.
What triggers a polyclonal response? ›Conversely, polyclonal activation can be triggered by microorganisms to avoid the host-specific, immune response by activating B cell clones, which produce nonmicroorganism-specific antibodies.
Why are polyclonal antibodies better? ›The 'poly' clonality of pAbs allows the binding of multiple antigenic determinants of the target. This allows pAbs to be more sensitive in certain assays against a variety of target proteins, cells or organisms.
Is polyclonal normal? ›Immunofixation consists of an electrophoresis phase and a fixation phase. Serum or urine immunofixation negative for a monoclonal protein or a polyclonal pattern is considered to be normal.
What are the advantages of polyclonal antibodies over monoclonal antibodies? ›Advantages: Inexpensive and relatively quick to produce (+/- 3 months). Higher overall antibody affinity against the antigen due to the recognition of multiple epitopes.
What is the advantage of using polyclonal antibodies compared with monoclonal antibodies? ›Polyclonal antibodies are also more stable over a broad pH and salt concentration, whereas monoclonal antibodies can be highly susceptible to small changes in both experimental conditions.
Why are monoclonal antibodies preferred over polyclonal? ›Because monoclonal antibodies specifically detect a particular epitope on the antigen, they are less likely than polyclonal antibodies to cross-react with other proteins.
What is an example of a polyclonal antibody? ›What are examples of polyclonal antibodies? Some examples of polyclonal antibodies include certain cancer treatments that can target various tumor cells. Like immunoassays such as ELISA which are frequently used in research, and immunotherapies among others.
What is the difference between polyclonal and monoclonal antibody? ›
In contrast to polyclonal antibodies, which are produced by multiple immune cells, monoclonal antibodies are generated by identical immune cells which are clones of a single parent cell. This means that the antibody recognizes only a single epitope of an antigen and is extremely specific.
How are rabbit antibodies made? ›Rabbits are immunized and the resulting spleen cells are fused with partner cells to make an immortal cell line that expresses antibodies. The antibodies are derived from a single clone and characterized for performance in applications. The best clone is then selected for antibody production.
What are polyclonal antibodies derived from? ›Polyclonal antibodies are a heterogeneous mix of antibodies, derived from the immune response of multiple B-cells, and each one recognizes a different epitope on the same antigen.
Why are polyclonal antibodies produced? ›Producing Polyclonal Antibodies
Because most antigens are complex structures with multiple epitopes, they result in the production of multiple antibodies in the lab animal. This so-called polyclonal antibody response is also typical of the response to infection by the human immune system.
Polyclonal antibodies are made using several different immune cells. They will have the affinity for the same antigen but different epitopes, while monoclonal antibodies are made using identical immune cells that are all clones of a specific parent cell.
What is the difference between rabbit and mouse antibodies? ›In general, rabbit antibodies have a better affinity and specificity than mouse antibodies. Rabbit antibodies are highly specific antibodies that can bind to proteins in the picomolar range, while mouse antibodies recognize proteins to the nanomolar range with medium/high specificity.
What is the downside of polyclonal antibodies? ›Disadvantages of using Polyclonal antibodies:
Increased chance for cross reaction – false positives. Non specific interaction with the antigen- considerable heterogeneity within the antibody pool. Life span of the host animal is limited. Multiple animals had to be immunized against the same antigen.
What are examples of polyclonal antibodies? Some examples of polyclonal antibodies include certain cancer treatments that can target various tumor cells. Like immunoassays such as ELISA which are frequently used in research, and immunotherapies among others.